This is the very basic and important knowledge that every civil engineer must have. It can be useful at various places of technical as well as practical field.
CONCRETE GRADES WITH THEIR MIX PROPORTIONS:
M-5 = 1:4:8
M-10= 1:3:6
M-15= 1:2:4
M-20= 1:1.5:3
M-25= 1:1:2
CONSIDERATION OF CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT:
1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm
2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm
3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm
4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm
5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm
6.COLUMN : 40 mm
7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm
8.BEAMS : 25 mm
9.SLABS : 15 mm
10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm
11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm
12.RETAINING WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth
13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm
WEIGHT OF ROD PER METER LENGTH:
DIA. WEIGHT PER METER
6 mm = 0.222 Kg
8 mm = 0.395 Kg
10 mm = 0.616 Kg
12 mm = 0.888 Kg
16 mm = 1.578 Kg
20 mm = 2.466 Kg
25 mm = 3.853 Kg
32 mm = 6.313 Kg
40 mm = 9.865 Kg
1 bag cement = 50 kg
1 feet = 0.3048 m
1 m = 3.28 ft
1 sq.m = 10.76 sq.f t
1 cu.m = 35.28 cu.ft
1 acre = 43560 sq.ft
1 hectare = 2.47 acre
DESIGN MIX OF VARIOUS CONCRETE GRADES:
M-10 ( 1 : 3.92 : 5.62)
Cement : 210 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 708 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 472 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 823 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Fresh concrete density: 2398 Kg/M 3
M-20 ( 1 : 2.48 : 3.55)
Cement : 320 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 683 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3
M-25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27)
Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.6%
Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3
Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water 185 -20.5 =
164 Liters,
Admixture = 0.5% is 100 ml
M-30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87)
Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3
20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3
12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3
River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3
Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3
Admixture : 0.7%
Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3
Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture
(170.80+15.20)
STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS:
1 INCH = 25.4 mm
1 FOOT = 0.3048 m
1 YARD = 0.9144 m
1 MILE = 1.6093 Km
1 ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE
1 POUND = 0.4536 Kg
1 DEGREE FAHRENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS
1 mm = 0.0394 INCH
1 m = 3.2808 FOOT
1 m = 1.0936 YARD
MATERIAL CALCULATIONS:
CEMENT IN BAGS
01. P.C.C. 1:5:10 1440/5*0.45 129.60 Kg 2.59
02. P.C.C. 1:4:8(M 7.5) 1440/4*0.45 162.00 Kg 3.24
03. P.C.C. 1:2:4(M 15) 1440/2*0.45 324.00 Kg 6.48
04. P.C.C. 1:3:6(M 10) 1440/3*0.45 216.00 Kg 4.32
05. R.C.C. 1:2:4(M 15) 144/2*0.45 324.00 Kg 6.48
06. R.C.C. 1:1.5:3(M 20) 1440/1.5*0.45 32.00 Kg 8.64
07. R.C.C. 1:1:2(M 25) 370.00 Kg 7.40
08. R.C.C. M 30 410.00 Kg 8.20
09. R.C.C. M 35 445.00 Kg 8.90
10. R.C.C. M 40 480.00 Kg 9.60
11. Damp Proof Course CM 1:3, 20 mm thick 1440/3*0.022 10.56 Kg 0.21
12. 2″ thick precast slab M-15 324*0.05 16.20 Kg 0.32
13. 3″thick precast slab M-15 324*0.075 24.30 Kg 0.49
14. GC Masonry CM 1:7 1440/7*0.34 70.00 Kg 1.40
15. Brick Work CM 1:6 1440/6*0.25 60.00 Kg 1.20
16. Brick Work CM 1:4, 115 thick 1440/4*0.25*0.115 10.35 Kg 0.21
17. Grano Flooring CC 1:1.5:3 1440/1.5*0.45*0.05 21.60 Kg 0.43
18. Plastering CM 1:3, 12 mm thick 1440/3*0.014 6.72 Kg 0.13
19. Wall Plastering CM 1:4, 12 mm thick 1440/4*0.014 5.00 Kg 0.10
20. Laying Pressed Tiles Over
a CM 1:4, 20 mm thick 1440/4*0.022 7.92 Kg 0.16
01. Any Concrete Work
(P.C.C., R.C.C.) 0.45*35.315= 20.00
02. Damp Proof Course
CM `1:3, 20 mm thick 1.00
03. 2″thick Precast slab M-15 1.00
04. 3″thick Precast slab M-15 1.50
05. SS Masonry in CM 1:7 15.00
06. Brick Work in CM 1:6 15.00
07. Brick Work in CM 1:4,115 mm thick 2.00
08. Grano Flooring in CC 1:1.5:3 1.00
09. Plastering in CM 1:3, 12 mm thick 1.00
10. Wall Plastering CM 1:4, 12 mm thick 1.00
11. Laying Pressed Tiles over a CM 1:4, 20 mm thick 1.00
12. Ceramic Tiles, Marble, Granite, Cuddapah slab
CM 1:4, 20 mm thick 1.00
UNIT WEIGHT:
01. Concrete 25 kN/m3
02. Brick 19 kN/m3
03. Steel 7850 Kg/m3
04. Water 1000 Lt/m3
05. Cement 1440 Kg/m3
06. 1 Gallon 3.78 Lit
07. Link 8″ = 200 mm
08. 1 Hectare 2.471 acre (10000 sq.m)
09. 1 Acre 4046.82 sq.m = 100 cent
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH:
01. Compression = 38d
02. Tension = 47 & 60d
03. 1 Cent = 435.60 sq. ft
04. 1 Meter = 3.2808 ft
05. 1 sq.m = 10.76 sq.ft
06. 1 Feet = 0.3048 m
07. 1 KN = 100 Kg
08. 1 kN = 1000 N
09. 1 Ton = 1000 Kg = 10,000 N = 10 kN
10. 1 kg = 9.81 N
BRICK:
Weight = 3.17 – 3.80 Kg
Water absorption=12 to 15%
Compressive strength = 36 kN/cm2
230 mm Wall/m3 = 460 Bricks + 20 Cft Sand + 66 Kg Cement
