Tag: civil engineering

Limit State Method

Technical Civil

In this method of design, the is designed to withstand the safety of for all loads liable to act on it throughout its life, it also satisfied the serviceability requirements such as limitation on deflection and cracking. The aim of design through this method is to achieve acceptable probabilities that structure will become unfit for use to which it is built. It means that it will not reach a limit state or critical state. All relevant limit states should be considered in design to ensure an adequate degree of safety…

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Basic Knowledge for every Civil Engineer

Technical Civil

This is the very basic and important knowledge that every civil engineer must have. It can be useful at various places of technical as well as practical field.  CONCRETE GRADES WITH THEIR MIX PROPORTIONS:M-5 = 1:4:8M-10= 1:3:6M-15= 1:2:4M-20= 1:1.5:3M-25= 1:1:2 CONSIDERATION OF CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT:1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm6.COLUMN : 40 mm7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm8.BEAMS : 25 mm9.SLABS : 15 mm10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm12.RETAINING WALL : 20/ 25…

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Contingencies & Work charged Establishment

Technical Civil

Contingencies The term “contingencies” indicates the incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which cannot be classified under any distinct item sub-head, yet pertain to the work as a whole. To meet such unforeseen expenses an additional amount of 3% to 5% of the estimated cost of the works is provided in the total estimate. Miscellaneous incidental expenses which cannot be classified under any sub-head or item, are met from the amount provided under contingencies. For example, suppose there is an item in estimate for cement plastering 1:4 with neat cement finish,…

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Long wall-Short wall method: Estimation up-to Plinth level

Technical Civil

Learn how to estimate and calculate various quantities of sub-structure or structure up-to plinth level which includes; Excavation for foundation P.C.C in foundation Brick work in foundation. Its very simple to calculate theses all the quantities using long wall-short wall method. You will easily understand this method after studying this PDF file given below. For better explanation, you can also watch videos on our YouTube channel “Technical CiViL”.

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